How to Grow and Care for Yew

The yew genus represents many varieties of evergreen trees and shrubs that are easy to care for and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. These plants are highly adaptable for landscaping and make a nice addition to a garden border or when used in a mass planting.

Yew, with its contrasting red berries, predates the tradition of the Christmas tree and is often found growing churchyards. For the holiday, sprigs are commonly cut and used like holly in natural Christmas decorations.

Yew is a conifer, producing cones instead of flowers, and it features evergreen needles that vary widely in size and shape. Note that yew can be toxic to people and pets.

Yew Care

In landscaping, yew often servesas a foundation plant placed in front of houses. It is also commonly used in hedges and topiaries. The varieties used for privacy hedges are typically much taller than they are wide, as you need the extra height for screening.

By contrast, yews with a low profile are more suitable for use as foundation plants or short decorative hedges.

Excellent soil drainage is the key to successfully growing yew, as soggy conditions make this plant susceptible to fungal infections. But generally speaking, the plant is low-maintenance, only needing water occasionally and fertilizing and pruning annually.

Light

Yew can be grown in full sun, partial shade, and even full shade. For healthy and lush growth, however, opt for a spot that gets several hours of sunshine each day. Too much shade can cause thin and floppy growth.

Soil

Yew tolerates several soil types, as long as the soil has good drainage. It thrives in rich, loamy soil with a neutral to slightly acidic soil pH. It also does well, surprisingly, in heavy clay. However, any planting site that traps water may result in root rot.

Water

Yew prefers a moderate amount of soil moisture, yet it tolerates short periods of drought or overwatering, as long as the roots are not left standing in water.

When establishing yew during the first year, water it weekly to maintain even soil moisture. After that, weekly waterings are only needed during drought periods when natural rainfall will not provide enough moisture.

Temperature and Humidity

The hardiness zones for yew vary by species. In general, the plant does not tolerate prolonged extreme temperatures—hot or cold—and prefers to be planted in a site that's sheltered from strong winter winds.

Humidity typically isn't a problem for yew, though it can struggle in extremely hot and humid summer weather.

Fertilizer

Fertilize your yew in the early spring, beginning one year after planting. Enrich the soil by spreading a 1-inch layer of mulch or compost starting a foot away from the plant's trunk and extending out to its drip line (where rain falls from the outermost branches).

You can also use a granular, high-nitrogen fertilizer raked into the soil starting a foot away from the trunk and extending out to the drip line. Please refer to the product directions for the amount of fertilizer to use, noting that using slightly under the recommendation will prevent over-fertilization.

Types of Yew

There are over 400 cultivars of yew, many of which are derived from Taxus baccata (European yew) or Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew). The types most popular for landscape use include:

• T. baccata 'Repandens', which grows roughly 2 to 4 feet high by 12to15 feet wide and is used for foundation plantings or as short hedges.
• T. canadensis, also known as Canadian yew,has a spreading growth habit and reaches around 4 feet high by 7 feet wide.
• T. baccata 'Fastigiata' is pillar-shaped and grows 15to30 feet high and 4 to 8 feet wide. It's often used for privacy hedges.
• T. cuspidata 'Monloo' is a variety that grows to a mature height of 3 feetand spreads 8to10 feet wide. This cultivar is commonly used for foundation plantings or short hedges.
• Taxus × media 'Hicksii' is another variety used for privacy hedges. It is column-shaped and grows 15 feet high by 20 feet wide.

Pruning

Overgrown yew can be rejuvenated with a good pruning, while shaping it to your preference. It's not essential to prune yew annually, but it can be a helpful ritual, one that promotes lush growth.

Prune yew in the early spring before any new foliage appears. Use hand pruners or branch loppers to cut branches back to their joints. Remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches as you spot them.

Propagating Yew

The best way to propagate yew is through cuttings. While this method takes time, it is still faster than propagating yew from seed (which can take several years to germinate). Propagating by cuttings also yields offspring that look exactly like the parent.

Here's how to propagate yew by cuttings:

1. Gather pruning scissors, rooting hormone powder, pots, sand, and potting soil.
2. Take 4- to 6-inch cuttings from your yew plant in the late summer or early fall. Make sure you're cutting from the softwood, or new growth, portion of the bush.
3. Dip each cutting into rooting powder and place it into a pot filled with moist sand.
4. Relocate the pots to an area of bright light, and keep the sand moist.
5. Once several weeks have passed, examine the bottom of the cuttings to see if they've formed roots.
6. Next, fill pots with potting soil, water them, and place the newly rooted cuttings into the soil, taking care to fully bury the roots.
   

Potting and Repotting Yew

Similar to most evergreens, yew looks great in containers and, in some warmer climates, can be kept outside in pots year-round. Yew tends to grow slowly in containers, making it a good choice for gardeners who want to use it as an entryway statement or along a walkway.

Plant yew in a clay or terra-cotta pot that has good drainage and keep it regularly watered, but not continuously wet, year-round. Come fall, relocate your yew to an area of partial shade, as warm day temperatures and plummeting night temperatures can be stressful on the plant.

After a few years in a container, your yew will need to be transplanted into the ground.

Overwintering

In most climates, yew planted in the ground can tolerate cold winter temperatures without protection. To prevent issues and help retain needles, water yew frequently in the fall up until the soil is frozen.

Planting yew on the north-facing side of a building will prevent winter needle burn, a condition that results from the needles heating up in the day, and then freezing come nightfall.

Common Pests

Yew can fall victim to several evergreen sapsuckers, including mealybugs and scale. Both bugs overwinter as nymphs, and then emerge in the spring to feed, as they hatch and mature. Infestation can result in needle loss, yellowing branches, dieback, and mold issues.

Mealybugs and scale are hard to control with insecticides, as they have grown resistant to most chemicals. To control infestation, remove the insects with a forcible spray from the garden hose, while also removing the "grandmother" (older) plants that have deteriorated.

Additionally, you can spot treat with a 70 percent diluted solution of isopropyl alcohol, testing it first for plant burn and applying it once a week until the infestation clears.

Common Problems With Yew

Root Rot

Root rot or "wet feet" is a common problem with yew plants. This plant is notorious for dying if it sits in soil that is waterlogged. That said, too little watering can also cause similar issues. Sticking to strict watering protocols will help you avoid both root rot and yellowing branches and needles.

Snow Damage

Heavy snows can result in winter damage, like broken branches, and browning needles. After a big snowfall, make sure to remove any lingering snow buildup to prevent this problem. Late summer pruning can also help a yew plant or tree avoid breakage during storms.

From: thespruce