How to Grow and Care for Wild Raspberry Bushes

Wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus), can easily be identified by its three or five compound serrated leaflets, its prickly thorns, and, most specifically, its little white blooms that grow into tasty red berries. This bush is found throughout eastern North America growing in thickets along roadsides and trails.

You can grow two varieties of cultivated wild raspberry—summer-fruiting and everbearing—right in your backyard. Similar to strawberries, summer-fruiting raspberry bushes produce a crop of berries once during the summer, whereas everbearing bushes produce berries all summer and into the fall.

How to Plant

When to Plant

The best time to plant wild raspberry is during the early spring, after the last frost, and when the soil is workable. Healthy bushes can grow as big as three to nine feet tall and wide and bear ripe fruit starting at the end of the season or in their second year of growth, depending on the variety.

Selecting a Planting Site

Wild red raspberry should be planted in fertile, well-drained slightly acidic soil, in a spot where it can receive sun and partial shade.

Spacing, Depth, and Support

It is important to properly space wild raspberry bushes, as the plants spread very quickly. Since wild raspberry plants can grow tall and wide, it is a good estimate to follow their mature size range, meaning bushes about 3 to 5 feet apart with spacing between rows a little more at 6 to 8 feet apart is a good start. As for depth 24 to 36 inches deep is a good base.

Raspberry plants can require support to help them remain upright, although is a matter of gardener preference. If you don't want the canes to droop or the berries to touch the ground, consider a trellis or support pole.

Wild Raspberry Care

Growing your own juicy wild raspberries is easy and rewarding.

• Raspberry bushes love rich soil, regular watering, and plenty of natural sunlight.
• Wild raspberry also grows best with moderate temperatures and humidity levels because it is native to cooler climates.
• Special care needs to be taken during the first year of planting until the bush establishes itself and bears fruit.
• Depending on the variety, yearly pruning might be required to keep your plants healthy and at a manageable size. Once established, the raspberry patch will grow in size producing new bushes (called suckers) each spring.

Light

Wild raspberry grows best in a sunny location that is partially shaded. This plant requires 6 to 8 hours of sunlight during the growing season and can become sunburned during periods of hot, direct sun.

Soil

Wild red raspberry loves fertile, well-drained slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6.0 to 6.8. Poor soil conditions can be improved by adding organic material, such as manure or compost, just before planting.

Planting wild raspberry in raised beds also helps with drainage to avoid root rot. Wild red raspberry does not tolerate overly wet or heavy clay soil.

Water

Wild raspberry needs consistent water in order to produce juicy berries. In fact, it prefers about an inch of rainfall or water (drip irrigation is best) once a week during its growing season. During the first year, pay particular attention to the amount of water your plants receive as they establish themselves and then supplement when needed.

Raspberries are susceptible to a variety of fungi, so make sure to water them from below. If possible, install a drip irrigation system (you can DIY one). Wet foliage encourages fungal diseases—and watering close to the soil avoids this issue. Fungus does not grow on dry foliage.

Temperature and Humidity

Wild raspberry is native to cooler regions and prefers moderate temperatures and humidity levels. In fact, when temperatures are too high, photosynthesis can come to a halt. This plant grows best with summer temperatures between 70°F to 75°F.

In warmer climates, make sure the planting location receives morning sun and afternoon shade to help regulate temperature.

Fertilizer

Raspberry plants are heavy feeders. If the soil is rich and fertile, your raspberries will thank you with an abundance of berries. Providing them with a fertile environment might require working compost and well-composted manure into the soil at planting time to improve soil structure and provide nutrients.

For naturally alkaline soil, work in humus, peat, and pine needlesto increase acidity levels.

Summer-fruiting vs. Everbearing

Two notable varieties of wild red raspberry bushes are the summer-fruiting and everbearing types of raspberries. Some gardeners are drawn to the everbearing variety because, once established, this type of raspberry plant will bear fruit in early summer and then again in the fall.

• Summer-fruiting: These raspberry bushes produce one crop each year in the summer. Once established, the summer-fruiting variety will bear fruit during the second year (and from there on after) on woody second-year branches called floricanes.
• Everbearing: These raspberry bushes produce two crops a season, creating a small crop of berries in June, and then yielding a larger crop in September. This bush produces berries in the very first year on green canes called primocanes.

Harvesting Wild Raspberry

You can harvest wild raspberry in late June to early July, which is when the fruit usually starts to ripen. To harvest wild raspberry, you'll need a gentle touch. Grab a pair of gloves and peel back the plant's canes to locate ripe, red berries. Give them a gentle pull. Ripe berries will slip right off their inner white cores.

If a fruit doesn’t easily pop off, don’t force it. Leave it on the bush longer to ripen fully. Check each berry for insects and rot before bringing them inside to be washed and eaten.

How to Grow Wild Raspberry in Pots

Some raspberry varieties can be grown in pots as their root systems are wide but shallow. However, the container must be very large (about 2 to 3 feet wide and deep), as the plant is known to spread.

Plant three to six raspberry canes in a container filled with potting mix (not garden soil). Water the potted raspberry plants regularly to prevent the potting mix from drying out, and always keep it moist. Plants can be fed a fruit fertilizer once the fruit begins to develop. Once the raspberry plant outgrows its container, plant it in the ground, or move it to a larger container, if room allows.

Pruning

Knowing what variety of wild raspberry bush you have is important when it comes to pruning because summer-fruiting and everbearing varieties require different pruning methods to maximize berry yield. Either way, yearly trimming will help plants stay healthy no matter the type of raspberry variety.

Here’s how to prune your raspberry plants depending on type:

Summer-fruiting

Because this variety only produces fruit on woody floricanes, be sure not to prune your primocanes because they will produce berries the following year. Floricanes, develop a brown, almost woody appearance while primocanes are always bright green.

Once your floricanes have produced their fruit for the year, they will begin to die off. When this happens, clip away the old branches to keep your plant healthy and manageable.

Everbearing

There are two possible pruning methods for this type of raspberry depending on the results you want. The first method involves pruning off the canes as soon as they are done producing fruit. If you choose this method, you might not get a small crop next spring but a larger crop will be produced in the fall.

The second method calls for leaving the canes on the bush until the next summer, potentially yielding two crops: one on the floricanes and the other on the primocanes. If you choose this method, be sure to prune your floricanes in late winter or early spring to keep them clean and ready for new growth.

Propagating Wild Raspberry

Mature wild raspberry bushes tend to sprout little plants that pop out of the ground some distance away from the mother plant. These baby plants are called suckers. Suckers can be dug up and used to start a new raspberry patch.

Here’s how to propagate wild raspberry from suckers:

1. Gather a spade or shovel, garden gloves, compost, and mulch.
2. In the spring, locate the mother plant's suckers (they can lie within 8 feet of the mother plant). Put on your gloves to avoid any pricks from the plant's thorns.
3. Gently dig 6 inches around the baby plant, taking care to severe the parenting root. Carefully lift the plant out of the ground with some soil intact.
4. Select a location for your new plant, making sure it is at least 24 inches away from your other plants to allow room to grow.
5. Dig a hole and amend the soil with compost.
6. Place your new plant at the same depth in the hole and backfill it with amended soil to cover the roots.
7. Provide a thin layer of mulch around the sucker to promote acidity in the soil and water it thoroughly.

How to Grow Wild Raspberry From Seed

Raspberry seeds are best planted in the fall, as the cold winter weather fosters spring germination. Start seeds in a tray placed outdoors to mimic the overwintering of seeds that have fallen to the ground (stratification). You can also place the seeds in the refrigerator for the same effect.

Here's how to grow wild raspberry from seed. You'll need a paper bag, a glass jar with a lid, a seed tray, a seed starting mix, and a watering can.

1. In the fall, collect overripe and shriveled fruit from a healthy plant and place them in the paper bag.
2. Remove the seeds from the berries, place them in a glass jar, and seal the lid tight. Place the seeds in the refrigerator for 45 days.
3. Fill a seed tray with a loamy seed-starting mixture. Remove the seeds from the jar, crumble off the dried berry remnants, and then sprinkle the seeds over the surface.
4. Cover the seeds with 1/8 inch of the mixture and gently press them into the soil.
5. Water the tray until moist and place it in a warm, sunny, indoor location. (Or, skip watering and place it outdoors over the winter, should you choose to forego stratification. Water the tray once spring temperatures have warmed).
6. Pinch away crowded seedlings to maintain two inches between each plant. Continue keeping the soil moist as they grow.
7. When the seedlings are 4 inches tall, plant them in their permanent outdoor location.
   

Overwintering

Some cold-climate gardeners choose to provide extra protection for their raspberries in the winter. For summer-fruiting varieties, prune the producing floricanes after harvest, and trim the primocanes back to three feet tall. Gently bend the young canes to the ground and cover them with three inches of soil to protect them from winter damage. Come spring, remove the soil and fluff the canes with gloved hands.

Everbearing varieties do better in extremely cold climates and can be overwintered by simply covering the canes (old and new) with soil, as you would with summer-fruiting varieties. This method will preserve both harvests. However, a simpler method is to cut the old floricanes, forego the soil mound, and allow only new canes to sprout the next season. You'll sacrifice the first crop if you choose this method, but the second crop will be bigger.

Common Pests & Plant Diseases

Like most fruit, certain pests love wild raspberries and a few diseases can creep into a neglected patch. Birds can quickly wipe out your harvest of ripe berries. To keep them at bay, place bird netting over your plants. While unsightly, the netting can be removed once the harvest is over.

Aphids, Japanese beetles, and raspberry fruitworm beetles can move into a raspberry patch. It's best to pick them off by hand and place them into a jar of soapy water to kill them quickly. To control aphids, try introducing their natural predator—ladybugs—to eradicate the population or spray a soap and water mixture or neem oil concoction onto the plants.

Spur blight, anthracnose, and cane blight are among the fungal diseases that can move into a wild raspberry patch. To prevent this, make sure to always prune away sickly-looking canes and be sure not to splash water onto the leaves of your plant while watering, as these diseases are spread by splashing water. Often, removing diseased canes or whole plants to increase your patch's airflow will rectify the situation.

Common Problems with Wild Raspberry

A patch of untended raspberries can grow unruly after only a few seasons. And, these fruiting plants tend to perform poorly under crowded conditions when they don't have sufficient airflow or enough room to thrive. Make sure to thin canes each spring to eight inches apart to avoid this situation.

Sunscald can also affect the color of the raspberry fruit. If the sun-exposed side of the berry turns white, it could be suffering from white druplet disorder. This condition does not harm the fruit or the plant and simply providing some shade can prevent this predicament.

From: thespruce