How to Grow and Care for Flame Tree (Royal Poinciana)

The flame tree, also known as royal poinciana (Delonix regia), is a fast-growingevergreen tree that features an abundance of crimson blossoms. This African native is a favorite in many tropical and subtropical locations; however, it requires a large space away from buildings to accommodate its expansive root system.

The foliage on this species is a bipinnately compound, meaning that each leaf consistsof up to 25 pairs ofleaflets, and each of those leaflets is further divided into up to 25 more pairs of leaflets. This tree is renowned worldwide for its clusters of exquisite red flowers that blanket the tree in the warm summer months. Each of the five petals is reddish-orange or scarlet. One petal is bigger than the others and hasyellow and white markings. The fruit is aseed pod that can be over a foot long.

Flame Tree Care

Plant a flame tree in a location where it has enough space to grow. Not only can this variety of tree reach up to 40 feet, but it can also spread between 40 and 70 feet wide. It can be damaging if not planted in the proper area. Keep the plant away from walls, pavement, or anything else it might overtake.

After planting, cover the soil around the tree—leaving some space near the trunk—with a 2-inch layer of mulch.

Light

These trees do best in full sunlight, so choose an area that gets at least six full hours a day. Without adequate light, you might not see the showy red-orange flowers for which the flame tree is known.

Soil

A flame tree will grow in a variety of soil conditions as long as there is good drainage. The tree will tolerate clay, loamy, sandy, or gravelly soils in a wide pH range between 4.9 and 10.6.

Water

After planting, water the tree regularly during the spring, summer, and early fall. Keep the soil moist, but never soggy until the roots become established. Make sure that the soil dries out between waterings.

During the late fall months, gradually cut down on the water supply before stopping extra watering during the winter months when the tree goes dormant.

Temperature and Humidity

The flame tree is native to tropical forests, so it does well in warm, humid environments. It cannot tolerate temperatures below 45 degrees Fahrenheit. It's easily grown outdoors in parts of Florida, Texas, and Hawaii. It is only suitable for reliably warm climates.

Fertilizer

Give the tree a balanced liquid fertilizer for four to six weeks after planting and then two to three times per year for the first three years. Give an additional application in early spring and fall. For the amount to use, follow the product label instructions. Water the tree thoroughly after the soil has been fertilized.

Types of Delonix

Other flowering trees in the Delonix genus include:

• Delonix elata (White gul mohur, creamy peacock flower) with smaller flowers than D. regia. The flowers are white and fade to yellow. The tree reaches 30 ft. in height and it is very drought-tolerant.
• D. floribunda (Yellow poinciana), a small- to medium-size, drought-tolerant tree with greenish-white flowers and a thick, swollen trunk. It is suitable to be grown as a potted tree indoors and trained as a bonsai.

Pruning

It's important to prune flame trees to create a strong tree structure, as the limbs are susceptible to breakage in high winds. Around late March or early April, or right before spring growth starts in your area, prune any major branches that are half the diameter of the trunk or below 8 to 12 feet from the ground.

Propagating Flame Trees

Seed germination and cuttings are used to propagate this tree. To propagate the tree from cuttings:

1. Using a sharp knife, take a cutting about one foot long. Remove any leaves from the lower third.
2. Dip the stem in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a 1-gallon container filled with damp potting mix.
3. Place in a warm outdoor location but away from direct sunlight. Keep the soil evenly moist until you see new growth, which can take several months. Once it starts growing, you can move it to a sunny location but let it grow into a strong sapling before planting it in the landscape.

Growing From Seeds

The seeds can be germinated and seedlings planted at any time but the seeds will need to be scarificed first to break open the seed coat and allow water to germinate the seed (see techniques below). If you already have a flame tree, harvest the long, strappy dark brown seed pods when they fall to the ground in the spring.

1. Remove the seeds from the pod.
2. Soften the coating of the seeds by soaking them in warm water for a day or two before planting in potting mix.
3. Scarify the softened seeds by gently nicking or scratching each one with a knife; this process allows water in and speeds up the germination process. Some gardeners suggest rubbing the seed with sandpaper for a few seconds to generate peeling.
4. Add well-draining potting mix to a 3- to 6-inch deep seed tray. Place each seed 1 inch deep and 3 inches apart. Pat the soil firm around each seed.
5. Put the tray in a warm, partially shaded outdoor area. Keep the soil moist but not overwatered. Seeds begin to germinate in four to six days.
6. Transplant 8-inch high seedlings to a 1-gallon container. Continue transplanting your seedlings as they grow until you are ready to select a site in your landscape to root the tree.

Growing in Pots

The flame tree is too big to be grown in containers but it can be grown and trained as a bonsai. As such, it will require potting every two years.

Overwintering

The flame tree can't tolerate frost as it will rot the roots. If there is ever the danger of frost in the typically no-frost zones of 10 to 12 (USDA), cover smaller trees with burlap or a tarp overnight.

Common Pests and Plant Diseases

Although flame trees don't have a lot of pests, some species of caterpillars may chew away on the leaves. However, it should not defoliate the entire tree. Additionally, spider mites can be an issue, particularly if the tree isn't in a humid environment. If you spot spider mites, increase the humidity or set the plant outdoors. Scale insects can also be an issue. They'll appear under the leaves, but can be removed with cotton swabs dipped in alcohol.

Phellinus noxiousis a fungus that may cause the roots to rot. Choosing a spot with soil that drains well can help lessen the possibility that this fungus will invade.

How to Get Flame Tree to Bloom

If your flame tree isn't blooming, it might not be mature enough. It can take six to ten years for the tree to bloom for the first time. Another reason for its failure to bloom can be insufficient sun; the tree needs full sun to bloom.

Common Problems

Litter will happen if the branches (which are brittle) break or when the seed pods fall to the ground. You can help reduce the chances of the branches breaking if you can provide a spot with protection from winds and prune to form a strong branching structure.

The tree has a shallow root system, which not only competes with neighboring plants for space, but also makes the tree prone to being uprooted in strong winds.

From: thespruce