How to Grow and Care for Coral Bells

The common name "coral bells" is used for several species in the Heuchera genus, comprising hundreds of varieties and hybrids. Coral bells is a traditional perennial foliage plant, with new varieties introduced every year.Native to North America, the plants form round mounds with a woody rootstock or crown at their base and small bell-shaped flowers that begin in spring or early summer on the tall stems. Rich in nectar, the flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies, plus make nice cut blooms. Their leaves are rounded, lobed, hairy, and evergreen or semi-evergreen, depending on the climate.

Coral bells are best planted in late fall or early spring and will grow at a moderate pace, making them a great option for woodlands, rock gardens, containers, borders, and ground covers. But they are short-lived perennials; unless divided regularly, they will die out in a few years.

Coral Bells Care

Here are the main care requirements for growing coral bells:

• Plant in well-draining, organically rich soil in a semi-shade location. Some hybrid cultivars can do quite well in full sun, though they will require more water to thrive.
• It can tolerate drought but prefers consistently moist soil. Water extra on sunny days or when temperatures rise.
• Fertilize in the spring according to product instructions. Do not overfeed, as this will risk flower production.
  

Light

Most varieties of coral bells do best in partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Their color can become washed out if they're kept in full sun, and too much light can cause their leaves to scorch. Keep in mind that coral bells planted in damp, shady areas can be prone to fungal diseases—if your plants start having problems, it's best to move them to a drier site.

Soil

Coral bells prefer humus-rich soil with a neutral to slightly acidic soil pH, somewhere between 6.0 and 7.0. Good drainage is a must, especially in shaded areas, as sitting in the damp soil will cause the crown of the plant to rot.

Water

This plant has medium water needs and likes consistently moist soil. Established plants will tolerate some drought, but an inch of water per week is the best way to keep them happy. If you grow your coral bells in full sun, plan to give them extra water—their shallow roots will need extra moisture during hot, sunny days.

Temperature and Humidity

Coral bells are hardy in USDA hardiness zones 4a to 9a, although the exact hardiness range does depend on the variety you're growing and its parentage. Some Heucheras are only hardy to zone 7, while others do well in cold but don't perform well south of zone 6. Most coral bells prefer relatively dry air, but Heuchera villosa, a native of the southeastern U.S., thrives in both heat and high humidity.

In regions with frigid winters, coral bells crowns can heave above the soil line in the winter. Winter mulching will help prevent the freezing/thawing cycle that pushes the plants up, and you should check periodically to make sure the roots are not exposed.

Fertilizer

Feed coral bells in the spring with a 1/2-inch layer of compost or a light amount of slow-release fertilizer. This plant has light feeding needs; you should avoid heavy applications of quick-release fertilizers, as this will inhibit flowering. Container-grown coral bells benefit from feeding with a water-soluble fertilizer to replenish nutrients that leach from the soil. For the amount, follow the product label instructions.

Types of Coral Bells

Several different species of Heuchera, including H. americana, H. sanguinea, H. villosa, and H. parviflora, are commonly sold in the trade, along with named cultivars of each species. H. sanguina is regarded as the best species for ornamental purposes and is the one most often sold as coral bells; the other species are more often known as alumroot. The species plants have medium-green leaves, but 'Dale's Strain' and 'Purple Palace' were two of the first cultivars to offer reddish bronze and purple foliage.

But even more popular are the many named cultivars derived from cross-species hybridization. These often simply carry the Heuchera label. The exact parentage of hybrids is sometimes lost, but H. americana and H. sanguina are thought to be the most common parent species. The most notable differences between varieties can be seen in their foliage color and texture variations. There are dozens of these cultivars, including:

• Heuchera 'Autumn Leaves': As hinted at by its name, the leaves on this hybrid variety change color through the seasons, from red to caramel to ruby.
• Heuchera 'Chocolate Ruffles': This hybrid variety has ruffled leaves with rich, chocolaty color on the top and deep burgundy on the bottom.
• Heuchera 'Green Spice': This hardy hybrid has large green leaves that are veined in maroon.
• Heuchera 'Marmalade': Another frilly hybrid cultivar, the leaves on this version appear in shades ranging from umber to deep sienna.
• Heuchera 'Citronelle; This variety has bright yellowish-green leaves that are excellent for brightening shady areas.
• Heuchera 'Electric Lime': This striking variety has bright green leaves with blood-red veins.
• Heuchera 'Fire Chief': Bright red spring foliage slowly deepens to crimson as the season progresses.

Pruning

Coral bells can be pruned at different times throughout the season. Pruning coral bells in the early spring can prevent the plant from crowding new growth. In late fall, you can remove yellow or dead leaves and spent stems. You can also prune coral bells after flowers have bloomed to encourage leaf production.

Propagating Coral Bells

Coral bells are most often propagated by dividing the root clumps. Either fall or spring division will work, though many gardeners prefer fall. Heuchera plants often produce small offsets around the parent plant, and it's an easy matter to carefully dig up these offsets and replant them. The root crowns of the divisions should be planted so they are just barely covered with soil.

Heuchera plants are fairly short-lived, and this division should be done every three or four years to prevent them from dying out. To propagate mature plants:

1. Dig up the entire root clump with a shovel in the fall or spring.
2. Cut the root clump into pieces, each having several growth shoots. The woody center portion can be discarded.
3. Prepare new planting sites by blending in plenty of compost or peat moss, then replant the divisions, just barely covering the root crowns.
   

How to Grow Coral Bells From Seed

You can start coral bells from seed, but results can be irregular if you are collecting seeds from hybrid plants. Commercial seeds will produce more predictable results. If you want to propagate plants by collecting seeds, it's best to start with pure species plants rather than nursery hybrids. Pure species are the easiest to obtain from specialty nurseries or online retailers.

1. Sprinkle the seeds on the surface of the soil in late fall or early spring, making sure not to cover the seeds as they need light to germinate. (You can also start seeds indoors a couple of months before you plan to transplant.)
2. Allow two to eight weeks for the seeds to germinate.
3. Once established, harden off the plants for 10 days, then transplant the seedlings outdoors after all danger of frost has passed.
4. Keep them well-watered their first year—other than that, they shouldn't require more than some relief from the extreme heat and rich, well-draining soil.

Potting and Repotting Coral Bells

Although it's not typical to grow perennials such as coral bells in containers, it certainly can be done, and this plant does quite well when grown that way. Choose a container that has good drainage and apotting mixthat drains freely. When grown in containers, keep the root crown slightly higher than the soil level. If you want to overwinter these plants in pots, they will need to be moved to a protected location to shield them from cold winter temperatures. During the winter months, withhold water and allow the plants to go dormant. You can plant container-grown coral bells any time after the danger of frost has passed.

While the spectacular foliage might tempt you to try growing coral bells as a houseplant, they do not lend themselves to this use. These woodland plants can do fine in outdoor containers where they receive a dormant period over winter, but they rarely are successful as permanent indoor houseplants.

Overwintering

In warmer climates, this plant often remains evergreen through the winter. Because the roots are shallow, coral bells can be prone to winter root heaving in colder climates. A light mulch over the plants can prevent this. In other regions, overwintering simply involves cleaning up plant debris to prevent fungi from overwintering.

Common Pests & Plant Diseases

Coral bells is usually a fairly carefree plant, but it can be affected by various fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, rust, and bacterial leaf spot.

Potential insect problems include weevils and foliar nematodes. The larvae of the black vine weevil can bore into the crowns and roots of coral bells in late summer or early fall, causing infected plants to wilt and droop. You should be able to see the larvae on the plant and remove them by hand and destroy them. If an infection persists, treat your plants with a mild insecticide or neem oil.

How to Get Coral Bells to Bloom

Sparse blooming is usually not concerning with these plants, since it is the foliage color that is of greatest appeal. Avoid overfeeding these plants, which can hinder blossoming as it stimulates foliage development. And some varieties bred to be sun-lovers may not bloom well if they are planted in deep shade.

Bloom Months

Coral bells typically bloom in late spring to early summer, with repeated blooms into fall.

What Does Coral Bells' Flowers Look and Smell Like?

Besides traditional green-leaved coral bells, newer varieties have leaves in shades of purple, rose, lime green, gold, and more. While the foliage is the star, the stems of airy, delicate red or pink flowers certainly do have ornamental merit and are sweetly fragrant.

How to Encourage More Blooms

While coral bells don't need much maintenance, you can cut back the entire flower stalk after flowering to put the plant's energy into growing more leaves. If the leaves get a bit ragged-looking, especially after winter, cut them back, and new growth should fill in quickly. Deadheading the faded flowers regularly will help ensure repeated blooming all summer and into fall.

Common Problems With Coral Bells

Coral bells are generally quite easy to grow, but there are some common cultural problems you may encounter:

Scalded Leaves

Most varieties of coral bells are not keen on growing in full sun, and they may exhibit burned, scorched leaves if they get too much sun, especially in climates with hot summers. Giving plants extra water during hot spells can minimize this scorching.

Plants Die Out After a Few Years

It's sometimes disappointing when a thriving coral bells plant suddenly declines, but this is rather normal, as these are short-lived perennials that usually live only four or five years. You can prolong the lifespan by dividing root clumps every three or four years, which will provide new plants to continue the lineage.

Plants Lift Out of the Ground

Coral bells have shallow root systems with crowns that are slightly exposed. In cold climates, frost heaving can push them out of the ground entirely, which will require you to replant them. A layer of mulch applied just after the ground freezes may help prevent heaving due to repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

From: thespruce