How to Grow and Care for Flowering Quince

Flowering quince is a multi-stemmed deciduous and thorny shrub with a somewhat messy growth habit but produces beautiful short-lived red, orange, white, or pink flowers and shiny, dark green foliage. Flowering quince grows best in a wide range of climates and even thrives in zones with frigid winters. The shrub requires full sun and loamy, slightly acidic soil.

Flowering Quince Care

Here are the main care requirements for growing the easy-going flowering quince shrub.

• Plant shrubs in full sun for better blooms.
• Keep soil more neutral and acidic rather than alkaline.
• Water regularly, about an inch a week, at the base of the shrub.
• Remove suckering to contain the shrub if desired but otherwise, pruning is usually unnecessary.

Light

Grow flowering quince shrubs in full sun. It can grow in partial sun, but the flower display will be better if the plant is exposed to full sunlight.

Soil

Plant flowering quince shrubs in well-drained loam for the best flowering display. An overlyalkalinesoil pHcan lead to problems with chlorosis, so keep the soil pH slightlyacidicorneutral. These plants can be grown in clay and sandy soils but may be less vigorous.

Water

Mulchthe base of the shrubs to suppress weeds and retain soil moisture. While these are reasonablydrought-tolerant shrubsonce established, young plants will need to be watered regularly during dry periods—1 inch of water per week through a combination of rainfall and irrigation is ideal. Water in the morning so excess moisture has time to dry before evening. Sprayed water can cause leaf spots, and leaves may drop if the foliage stays wet.

Temperature and Humidity

Flowering quince is reliably hardy in zones 5 to 9, though gardeners in zone 4 are sometimes able to grow it—especially if they select cultivars bred for their climate. This shrub is normally hardy down to about minus 25 degrees Fahrenheit, but young plants can be sensitive to cold. Once flowering quince is established, the plant is quite forgiving of a wide range of temperature and humidity levels.

Fertilizer

Feed flowering quince with a slow-release, all-purpose fertilizer in early spring before new growth occurs, or apply compost as asoil amendment. For the amount of fertilizer to use, follow the product label instructions. Scatter the fertilizer carefully on the soil around the plant; do not let it touch the foliage, as it can scorch the leaves. Follow with a deep watering to distribute the fertilizer around the roots.

Types of Flowering Quince

Flowering quince is a member of the rose family as evidenced by its thorny stems and flowers and leaves that resemble those of roses. It is one of the oldest of all landscape plants, having been cultivated for thousands of years in Asia.

In natural environments, the different varieties of the native species grow 6 to 10 feet high with a similar spread. Several cultivars of flowering quince are commonly sold at garden centers, and there are also hybrid crosses of other Chaenomeles species. Some notable varieties include:

• Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei': The shrub has an unusually long bloom period in early spring; pink and white flowers bloom for several weeks. The plants grow 3 to 10 feet wide and up to 15 feet wide.
• Chaenomeles speciosa 'Geisha Girl': This shrub is a smaller 4- to 5-foot plant that blooms with apricot-colored flowers in late spring.
• Chaenomeles speciosa 'Orange Delight': It has bright orange double blooms that make for a gorgeous spring display.
• Double Take series 'Scarlet Storm', 'Orange Storm', and 'Pink Storm': all grow to 5 feet high with double flowers of scarlet, orange, or pink. These plants are thornless and fruitless.

Several hybrid crosses between C. speciosa and C. japonica (Japanese quince) are also excellent landscape plants. Here are some award-winning options:

• Chaenomeles x superba 'Jet Trail': It grows 3 to 4 feet tall with white flowers.
• Chaenomeles x superba 'Crimson and Gold': This is a fast-growing, very small shrub (2 to 3 feet) that produces deep crimson flowers for several weeks in early spring.
• Chaenomeles x superba 'Pink Lady': The plant is a 5-foot shrub that produces rich pink flowers in early spring.
  
• Chaenomeles x superba 'Nicoline': This shrub produces bright scarlet flowers on 4-foot plants in early spring.
  

Pruning

Pruning flowering quince is necessary only if you decide to shape the shrub. It will gradually spread through suckering, so these will need to be removed at ground level as they appear if you want to keep the shrub contained. Prune just after blooming is over since the bushes bloom on old wood and avoid removing bud-bearing wood. Pruning does interfere with fruit production, so avoid pruning if you are growing these shrubs to use the fruit in jellies or preserves.

Propagating Flowering Quince

Propagating flowering quince is done through rooting stem cuttings or planting seeds. Rooting stem cuttings is the better method if you are growing a hybrid plant, as you are guaranteed to get an offspring plant that is identical to the parent plant. Choose semi-hardwood cuttings, which are partially matured wood with fully sized mature leaves but some green wood attached to firm stems. Late summer to early fall is the best time to propagate by this method:

1. In late summer, cut several stem clippings (about 6 inches long) from the previous year's growth (old wood). The diameter of the stems should be that of a pencil. Leave the top leaves intact, but remove the rest of the leaves.
2. Score the bottom section of each stem cutting to reveal the cambium layer beneath the bark.
3. Dip the scored cutting end in a rooting hormone, then embed it in a small pot filled with a porous potting mix, such as a blend of peat moss and sand.
4. Cover with plastic (such as a loosely secured plastic bag) and set it in a spot with bright light but not direct sun.
5. After a month, check to see if the cutting has rooted by gently tugging the stem. If the stem resists pulling, then it is rooting properly.
6. Wait one more month and then transplant outdoors.
   

How to Grow Flowering Quince From Seed

For flowering quince seeds to germinate, they must go through stratification or a freeze-and-thaw cycle. Take these steps.

1. Mimic the winter cold by putting the seeds in the refrigerator for 60 to 90 days.
2. Remove seeds from cold storage and plant in moistened soil. Loosely cover the pot with a clear plastic bag until germination occurs.
3. Transplant seedlings into separate containers once two sets of true leaves develop.
4. Keep the soil moist but not damp.
5. Continue growing the plants until they reach a height of about 12 inches, then transplant.

Potting and Repotting Flowering Quince

Smaller cultivars of flowering quince (with a mature size of 4 feet or less) can be successfully grown as potted plants for the patio or deck, though you should be careful where you position the plants, as they are quite thorny. And remember that the plants will not be especially attractive after the spectacular bloom period is over.

Use a large, heavy pot with good drainage. Fill the pot with a standard commercial potting mix. Blending in some additional sand may help the potting mix drain better. In colder regions (zones 5 and 6), it is best to move the pots to a sheltered location for the dormant winter months, as the exposed above-ground roots can be susceptible to cold damage. Potted flowering quince plants generally need to be repotted every two to three years.

Overwintering

Flowering quince can be subject to quite a bit of damage from hungry rabbits in the wintertime, especially when the plants are young. Protect the plants by encircling the base with a closed cylinder of metal hardware cloth with the bottom embedded several inches deep in the soil to prevent burrowing.

In more northern climates, protecting the root zone with a thick layer of mulch will help young plants survive the cold. Once mature, this protection is usually not needed.

Common Pests & Plant Diseases

Aphids can badly damage new growth but the damage is not life-threatening. Other insect pests include scale and mites. Where necessary, spraying with horticultural oil or neem oil can combat these pests.

When spring rainfalls are heavy, flowering quince is susceptible to fungal leaf spot and scab, which can cause spotting and then defoliation. Spraying with fungicide can help with these fungal diseases.

A member of the rose family, flowering quince can be susceptible to fire blight, so be alert for the stem dieback that signals this bacterial disease. Fire blight is a bacterial disease that causes branches to die back one by one. Oozing cankers may also appear. There is no cure for fire blight but affected limbs should be removed and destroyed.

How to Get Flowering Quince to Bloom

Bloom Months

Flowering quince shrubs typically bloom prolifically for a relatively short period in the early to midspring—sometimes even in late winter in warmer zones. With pure species plants, the bloom period can be quite as short as a week, though some hybrid varieties are touted as being "long-blooming." Even here, the bloom period is rarely more than two or three weeks, at most. Expect the flowers to last an average of about 10 to 14 days.

What Do Flowering Quince Flowers Look and Smell Like?

The shrub is a dense mound of gray-brown spiny twigs sprouting small clusters of pretty pastel or red flowers with five simple single or double petals. Flowers measure about 2 inches in diameter and have a lovely fragrance.

How to Encourage More Blooms

Flowering quince needs plenty of sun and will withhold flowers if growing in shady conditions. Keep the soil's pH acidic or neutral with amendments if necessary because flowering quince may flower less if the soil is alkaline.

Caring for Flowering Quince After It Blooms

You do not need to do anything after the shrub blooms. However, if you decide to prune the plant, do so immediately after the shrub has finished blooming for the season. Pruning should be fairly light, but when done immediately after blooming it will stimulate new growth that makes for more profuse blooming the following spring.

Common Problems With Flowering Quince

Flowering quince is a relatively low-maintenance shrub if its basic cultural needs are met, but no plant is entirely immune to problems. In addition to the sometimes devastating impact of fire blight, a flowering quince shrub sometimes prompts the following complaints.

No Flowers

Poor bloom may occur when the flower buds are damaged by early spring frosts, which is common in the northern end of the hardiness range (zone 5). The plant is not permanently damaged, and flowering will return the following year, assuming there is not a repeat of the untimely frost. In addition, badly timed pruning can also snip off the flower buds and ruin the bloom season.

Yellowing Leaves

Chlorosis (yellowing of the foliage) can occur in high pH (alkaline) soils. This can often be rectified with an annual feeding with an acidifying fertilizer. A more permanent solution is to amend the soil with elemental sulfur, which lowers soil pH.

Drab Appearance

Homeowners are sometimes disappointed by the lack of year-round appeal of these shrubs. Flowering quince is extraordinarily showy during the rather brief bloom period but is decidedly ordinary in appearance at other times of the year. Flowering quince is not a good choice if you're looking for a shrub with multi-season appeal—though its thorniness does make for a good barrier hedge.

From: thespruce